There are several high peaks, among which Huascaran, the highest with its 6,768 meters (22,205 feet), Yerupajá, 6,617 mt (21,709 feet), and Coropuna, 6,425 mt (21,079 ft).

Here the climate varies with altitude and slope exposure. The Andean Mountains cross Peru from north to south, clearly separating the coast from the Amazon forest. Furthermore, the air temperature can exceed 30 ☌ (86 ☏) in summer, and sea temperature can exceed 25 ☌ (77 ☏). In Lima, usually it does not rain even during these periods, but the torrents that descend from inland can swell, causing floods and landslides. During the most intense El Niño years (such as in 1983, 1998 and in 2016), the climate of this area can be transformed in the first months of the year (from January to May, but sometimes also in the previous December and in June), becoming tropical, ie hot and humid, with almost monsoon-like rains, especially in the northernmost part. The phenomenon known as El Niño, which is an abnormal warming of the ocean waters, can influence this part of the coast (even a little further to the south, up to the region of Lambayeque, see Chiclayo), bringing warmer weather conditions and unusual rainfall in the years when it occurs. In addition, the northernmost part of the coast (in the regions of Tumbes and Piura, see Tumbes, Máncora, El Alto, Talara, Paita) may experience a bit of rain from January to May, around 50/100 millimeters (2/4 inches) per year (but even more in the far north, see Tumbes). In the northern part of the coast, the sea is warmer, in fact the water temperature ranges from 25 ☌ (77 ☏) in February and March to 21 ☌ (70 ☏) between August and October. Here are the average daily sunshine hours. Temperature inversion favors the accumulation of pollutants, despite the proximity of the sea.

Temperatures are mild, with highs around 19/21 ☌ (66/70 ☏) and lows only a few degrees below, but owing to the lack of sunshine and the high humidity, the capital's residents are cold, also because they often live in unheated houses. During winter, from June to September, the sky is almost always overcast, and even if it doesn't rain there is a mist, the Garúa, which can deposit moisture on the ground. In Lima, the capital, basically it never rains. In the north (see El Alto), the daily average temperature ranges from 18 ☌ (64 ☏) in the coldest month (August) to 24 ☌ (75 ☏) in the warmest month (February) in the center (see Lima and Trujillo), it ranges from 17 ☌ to 23 ☌ (63 to 73 ☏) while in the south, near the border with Chile (see Ilo), it ranges from 15 ☌ to 22 ☌ (59 to 72 ☏). However, this situation in which cold air clings to the soil or to the sea surface, leads to the formation of fog and low clouds, which occur often, especially in the cold season, while sunshine prevails above 500 meters (1,600 feet), as happens in the Andean area lying above the fog layer. The reason why along the coast there is a desert, is found in the Humboldt Current, which flows in the ocean and cools the lowest layers of the atmosphere, thereby inhibiting the formation of vertical air currents, which are necessary for rain cloud formation. The temperature varies little during the year and is almost always spring-like, but it almost never rains and therefore the landscape is desert. The Andes - Arequipa, Cusco, Lake Titicaca, CajamarcaĪlong the Peruvian coast, the climate is very peculiar.finally, the large eastern area covered by the Amazonian forest ( la Selva), with a hot and humid climate throughout the year. the Andean zone ( la Sierra), more or less cold depending on altitude a desert coastal strip (called la Costa), with a mild climate, cloudy and foggy in winter and pleasantly warm in summer In Peru, a country located just south of the Equator, there are three climate zones:

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